2024 What is a shale rock

Shale Oil: A type of unconventional oil found in shale formations. Shale oil can refer to two types of oil. It may refer to crude oil that is found within shale formations, or to oil that is .... Social cues autism

Sandstone. 2.2–2.8. Shale. 2.4–2.8. Slate. 2.7–2.8. As you can see, rocks of the same type can have a range of densities. This is partly due to different rocks of the same type containing different …7 feb 2018 ... Shales are sedimentary rocks predominantly composed of fine grained mineral particles mixed with variable quantities of organic matter (OM), ...Concentrations of iron minerals such as pyrite and siderite give high densities, often in thin beds, contrasting with surrounding rocks. Shale . Densities of shales vary between 2.2 and 2.65 g/cm 3 or more, increasing with compaction induced by age and depth of burial . Overpressured shales, in which some of the overburden load is borne …Oct 19, 2023 · Oil shale is a sedimentary rock. As it reaches its oil window, oil shale releases a liquid known as shale oil. Oil shale is the rock from which shale oil is extracted. Shale oil is similar to petroleum, and can be refined into many different substances, including diesel fuel, gasoline, and liquid petroleum gas ( LPG ). What is shale gas and tight gas? Shale gas is natural gas that is trapped within shale formations of rock. The rock is impermeable, meaning liquids cannot pass through, which makes it harder to extract. Tight gas is held in rock pores 20,000 times narrower than a human hair. A special technique, known as hydraulic fracturing, is needed to ...Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition Clay minerals, Quartz Color Brown Miscellaneous Blocky Depositional Environment Flood Plain, Lake (away from shore), Mid-continental Shelf, Delta, Tidal Flat, Lagoon, or Deep Marine Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition ...Rocks of the Ordovician system overlie the Cambrian sandstones. These rocks are a repeating cycle of Limestones (dolomites), sandstones and shales. Rocks of this age are present over much of the remaining area of the basin. In the very eastern reaches of the Bark River, there is Silurian dolomite.30 sept 2014 ... Therefore, dissolution of brittle minerals, while improving short-term conductivity, may lower long-term shale rock stability. ... Shale Rocks,” ...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of clay minerals, such as illite, kaolinite, or smectite. It has a layered appearance and a ...A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. Common rocks include granite, basalt... Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding. How many American jobs has fracking created? Millions. A 2015 Harvard Business School/Boston Consulting Group analysis estimates that shale development created roughly 2.7 million U.S. jobs in the first decade of the shale revolution. A 2013 study, commissioned by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, projected fracking will create a total …Oil and Natural Gas Formation. Coal, oil and natural gas typically form in sedimentary rocks. When carbon-rich organic materials, such as leaves, are deposited in stagnant water such as a bog or swamp with a low oxygen content it may not fully decay. If this happens and sediment is deposited on top, a coal bed can eventually form.Marlstone aggregate concretion, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. A concretion is a hard, compact mass formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. [1] Concretions are often ovoid or spherical in shape, although irregular shapes also occur.Shale is a sedimentary rock that contains layers of clay sediment. This rock is generally found in the bottom of lagoons, lakes, oceans, and swamps... What is the difference between clay and shale? Shale is a form of sedimentary rock that is made up of clay-size particles of minerals that are rich in ..."Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles and is easily broken into thin, parallel layers. Black shale contains organic material that can generate oil and natural gas and trap the generated oil and natural gas within its pores. Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition Clay minerals, Quartz Color Brown Miscellaneous Blocky Depositional Environment Flood Plain, Lake (away from shore), Mid-continental Shelf, Delta, Tidal Flat, Lagoon, or Deep Marine Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition ...Shale: Shale is a dark sedimentary rock that is composed of quartz, calcite, and clay minerals. This soft rock can be made into a metamorphic rock when given enough pressure and heat. Answer and Explanation: 1Sep 26, 2021 · Shale oil refers to hydrocarbons that are trapped in formations of shale rock. Fracking is a process that oil companies use to drill down into the layers of shale and open up the rock formations ... Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud." This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as " mudstones ." Shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated.the unique composition of shale formations, only a small percentage of this massive reserve is technically attainable. The condition of shale gas is determined by the size of the pores: liberated gas is stored in big holes or fractures, whereas adsorbed gas is held in small pores.11 Shales are one type of sedimentary rock made up mostly ofShale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. …. It is most abundant sedimentary rock. The composition (silt and clay) of shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as mudstone.Shale is a fine-grained rock made of compressed mud and clay. The defining characteristic of the shales is its fragility. In other words, shale is easily divided into thin layers. Black and gray shales are common, but the rock can appear in any color. Shale is commercially important.4 dic 2017 ... ... shale rock and the shale facies will be deposited on top of the existing sandstone rock. The lateral transition of sedimentary facies over ...black shale, also called Carboniferous Shale, variety of shale that contains abundant organic matter, pyrite, and sometimes carbonate nodules or layers and, in some …Shales normally constitute more than 80% of sediments and sedimentary rocks in siliciclastic environments. Shales are important both in controlling the ...Metamorphic rock terms Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Metamorphic rock terms Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... Any rock type, but often shale. What is the protolith of marble? Limestone or dolomite. What is the protolith of quartzite? Quartz sandstone. What is the protolith of amphibolite?The Shale Outcrop is a harvesting node that contains raw materials. It can be found on the seabed or be temporarily unearthed by Sea Treader Leviathans. It is found in almost all biomes except for the Safe Shallows and the Kelp Forest. Shale Outcrops can contain the following: Gold - 30% Lithium - 31.5% Diamond - 38.5%... shale rock better than the Burgers creep model. Results can provide some mechanics reference evidence for shale gas development. 1. Introduction. Rock mass ...S late is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock that is created by the alteration of shale or mudstone by low-grade regional metamorphism. It is popular for a wide variety of uses such as roofing, flooring, and flagging because of its durability and attractive appearance.Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by the compression of clay and silt ... As other geological materials formed on top of the layers of shale the pressure caused ...Siltstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of silt-sized particles. It forms where water, wind, or ice deposit silt, and the silt is then compacted and cemented into a rock. Silt accumulates in sedimentary basins throughout the world. It represents a level of current, wave, or wind energy between where sand and mud accumulate. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call “mud.”. This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as “mudstones.”. Shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated.Shale oil is a high-quality crude oil that lies between layers of shale rock, impermeable mudstone, or siltstone. Oil companies produce shale oil by fracturing the rock formations that contain the layers of oil in a process known as "fracking." Learn how shale oil works, its pros and cons, and how it compares to crude oil.Aug 2, 2020 · Shale is the most common sedimentary rock, accounting for about 70 percent of the rock found in the Earth's crust. It is a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock made of compacted mud consisting of clay and tiny particles of quartz, calcite, mica, pyrite, other minerals, and organic compounds . Shale is a lithified mud — a sedimentary rock composed mostly of clay- and silt-sized grains. There are several ways to define shale. Some definitions are rather narrow. Glossary of Geology published by the American Geological Institute defines shale as a laminated, indurated rock with >67% clay-sized minerals 1. This definition clearly ...Oil Shale Extraction - Oil shale extraction is more complicated than crude oil extraction; it includes the extra steps of retorting and refining. Read about oil shale extraction. Advertisement The process of extracting liquid crude oil from...Schist ( / ˈʃɪst / SHIST) is a medium-grained metamorphic rock showing pronounced schistosity. This means that the rock is composed of mineral grains easily seen with a low-power hand lens, oriented in such a way that the rock is easily split into thin flakes or plates. This texture reflects a high content of platy minerals, such as micas ...Shale oil is a type of oil found in shale rock formations that must be hydraulically fractured to extract. Read about the pros and cons of shale oil. more. Oil Shale.The Shale Sedimentary Rock is composed of mud which is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and small fragments of various minerals like quartz and calcite.shale. igneous rocks · metamorphic. rocks · minerals · sedimentary rocks. Ternary Composition. Description. Fine grained rock composed of lithified clay making ...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of clay minerals, such as illite, kaolinite, or smectite. It has a layered appearance and a ...The “Shale Revolution” refers to the combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling that enabled the United States to significantly increase its production of oil and natural gas, particularly from tight oil formations, which now account for 36% of total U.S. crude oil production. This new production capacity has reduced the ... 14 sept 2023 ... Shale is a very common form of sedimentary rock found in deposits all over the world. It is distinguished by being soft and highly fissile.Shale gas, which is often found with shale oil but is also produced on its own, is natural gas similarly trapped in tiny pockets diffused through the rock ...How is Shale Gas Produced? Shale gas formations are “unconventional” reservoirs – i.e., reservoirs of low “permeability.” Permeability refers to the capacity of a porous, sediment, soil – or rock in this case – to transmit a fluid. This contrasts with a “conventional ” gas reservoir produced from sands and carbonates (such as Devon Energy Corp., an Oklahoma City-based oil and gas company, is studying major acquisition targets as it seeks to gain scale in US shale, according to …Woodford Shale Play (6/1/2011) PDF; Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma and Texas Woodford Shale Play (6/1/2011) PDF; Arkoma Basin Fayetteville Shale, Arkansas (6/1/2011) PDF PDF(letter-size) Woodford Shale Play, Oklahoma (6/1/2011) PDF; Appalachian Basin Marcellus Play Report: geology review and map updates (2/10/2017) PDFBedding Planes. Figure 5.4.1 5.4. 1: Horizontal strata in southern Utah. The most basic sedimentary structure is bedding planes, the planes that separate the layers or strata in sedimentary and some volcanic rocks. Visible in exposed outcroppings, each bedding plane indicates a change in sediment deposition conditions.Shale, marble, mudstone, slate and well-packed sandstone are all examples of impermeable rocks, which means that water cannot easily pass through them. A large number of metamorphic and igneous rocks are impermeable, as long as they are not...S late is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock that is created by the alteration of shale or mudstone by low-grade regional metamorphism. It is popular for a wide variety of uses such as roofing, flooring, and flagging because of its durability and attractive appearance.Oil shale is a dirty and expensive source of unconventional oil. Oil shale is a mixture of sand, silt, salt, and an insoluble organic substance called kerogen. Rock-like at room temperature, oil shale produces vapors and gases when heated, which in turn are condensed and turned into oil. Oil shale shouldn't be confused with "shale oil," also ...Dec 7, 2018 · Oil Shale Completed. Oil Shale. The USGS Energy Resources Program has studied oil shale resources of the United States, with a significant effort on the Eocene Green River Formation of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. This formation contains the largest oil shale deposits in the world. Oil shale, despite the name, does not actually contain oil, but ... Oct 9, 2019 · Shale can be fairly hard if it has a silica cement, making it closer to chert. Typically, it is soft and easily weathers back into clay. Shale may be hard to find except in road cuts, unless a harder stone on top of it protects it from erosion. When shale undergoes greater heat and pressure, it becomes the metamorphic rock slate. What sequence of rock types will shale pass through with successively higher grades of metamorphism? Shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, partial melting. Match each rock with its first-order metamorphic equivalent (the first rock it would turn into when metamorphosed). Protolith Basalt Conglomerate Dolostone LimestoneSome uses of this type of rock are provided below. Limestone is used to make cement. Limestone and sandstone are used for building stones. Quartz is a type of sedimentary rock which is used to make glass. Rock gypsum is used to make plaster. Natural gas, oil, coal, uranium, and other energy resources are formed in and come from sedimentary rocks.Oil shale is a rock that contains significant amounts of organic material in the form of kerogen. Up to 1/3 of the rock can be solid organic material. Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be extracted from the oil shale, but the rock must be heated and/or treated with solvents. “Silicates from shale-rock.” Shale-rock… lol! Do you have granite-rock countertops? This stuff is just sodium silicate sold at thousands of times its normal retail price. (It’s what is in those “don’t eat me” packets shipped in retail packaging to absorb moisture.) Potters use sodium silicate in various ceramic processes.Nov 28, 2022 · Shale is an economically precious rock. Its mining and processing are usually very costly, but the products are worth the investment. Black shales (rich in unoxidized carbon) are an important source of rock for oil and natural gas . Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of very fine clay particles. Clay forms from the decomposition of the mineral feldspar. Other minerals present in shale are quartz, mica, pyrite, and organic matter. Shale forms in very deep ocean water, lagoons, lakes and swamps where the water is still enough to allow the extremely fine clay and silt ...shale, any of a group of fine-grained, laminated sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles.Shale is the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks, accounting for roughly 70 percent of this rock type in the crust of the Earth.. Shales are often found with layers of sandstone or limestone.They typically form in environments where muds, silts, and other sediments were deposited ..."Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles and is easily broken into thin, parallel layers. Black shale contains organic material that can generate oil and natural gas and trap the generated oil and natural gas within its pores.Oil shale is a rock that contains significant amounts of organic material in the form of kerogen. Up to 1/3 of the rock can be solid organic material. Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be extracted from the oil shale, but the rock must be heated and/or treated with solvents.Slate is a metamorphic rock with a dull luster. The most common color of slate is gray, but it can also be brown, green, purple, or blue. Slate is formed when a sedimentary rock (shale, mudstone, or basalt) is compressed. Over time, slate may transition into other metamorphic rocks, such as phyllite or schist. You've likely encountered slate on ...A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni).It is formed by partial anaerobic …Shale Gas. A typical gas shale system is a blend of organic-rich deposition and complex mineralogy that forms a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock with a unique geological framework where the shale independently exists as source, trap and reservoir. History Non-hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing as a method to stimulate shallow, hard rock oil wells dates back to the 1860s. Oil producers in Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky, and West Virginia used nitroglycerin (liquid at first, and later solid) to break up the oil-bearing formation. The method was later applied to water and natural gas wells. The idea of …The Three Rock Types: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks are classified by three main rock types, and you may be asking why. This is because rocks have originated differently due to various processes. Let’s take a closer look at these rock types individually to understand what makes a rock either igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.Aug 20, 2019 · Slate is a metamorphic rock with a dull luster. The most common color of slate is gray, but it can also be brown, green, purple, or blue. Slate is formed when a sedimentary rock (shale, mudstone, or basalt) is compressed. Over time, slate may transition into other metamorphic rocks, such as phyllite or schist. You've likely encountered slate on ... Shale is a very common form of sedimentary rock found in deposits all over the world. It is distinguished by being soft and highly fissile. Shale has a number of …Shale is a tightly packed sedimentary rock. The shale is very porous, but it is not very permeable. This allows the shale to hold a lot of oil/natural gas but makes it difficult to remove those energy sources. Recent technologies have made it possible to extract the oil and natural gas trapped in deep shale formations.Shale is a type of sedimentary rock, a rock formed either from the remains of organic creatures or from shattered pieces of older rocks. In shale’s case, layers of ancient silt and mud underwent extreme pressure that compounded them into thin sheets of striated rock. Shale is strong but brittle. It easily breaks into jagged shards.Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes.Black shale, variety of shale that contains abundant organic matter, pyrite, and sometimes carbonate nodules or layers and, in some locations, concentrations of copper, nickel, uranium, and vanadium. Fossils are rare in the shale and either are replaced by pyrite or are preserved as a film of g.Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call “mud.”. This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as “mudstones.”. Shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated.The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British ... At old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints. The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at a number of localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass ...Shale is a common sedimentary rock found in all parts of the world formed by the consolidation of a mixture of mud and silicates over millions of years. Explore the formation, uses, and...Shale is smooth soft rock that breaks easily into thin layers. [...] See full entry for 'shale'. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Copyright © ...Sedimentary rock - Shale, Economic Value, Formation: Black shales are often of economic importance as sources of petroleum products and metals, and this importance will probably increase in the future. The lacustrine Eocene Green River Shales of Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah are potentially rich petroleum sources and are undergoing exploratory extraction.Plexaderm uses silicate minerals from shale clay to form a temporary tightening layer on your skin. This invisible layer works to visibly tighten and lift crow’s feet and wrinkles surrounding your eyes in minutes. Plexaderm smooths skin surrounding under-eye bags making them shrink from view in minutes. While the PlexEffect® is not permanent ...4 dic 2017 ... ... shale rock and the shale facies will be deposited on top of the existing sandstone rock. The lateral transition of sedimentary facies over ...For example, micro-seismic surveys of shale gas wells in the eastern United States show that fractures are separated from groundwater by more than a mile of rock - a distance as deep as the Grand Canyon. We use pre-drilling and planning activities to identify areas of potential environmental, geologic or archaeological sensitivity.14 sept 2023 ... Shale is a very common form of sedimentary rock found in deposits all over the world. It is distinguished by being soft and highly fissile.Shale is a sedimentary rock that contains layers of clay sediment. This rock is generally found in the bottom of lagoons, lakes, oceans, and swamps... Woodford Shale Play (6/1/2011) PDF; Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma and Texas Woodford Shale Play (6/1/2011) PDF; Arkoma Basin Fayetteville Shale, Arkansas (6/1/2011) PDF PDF(letter-size) Woodford Shale Play, Oklahoma (6/1/2011) PDF; Appalachian Basin Marcellus Play Report: geology review and map updates (2/10/2017) PDFshale: [noun] a fissile rock that is formed by the consolidation of clay, mud, or silt, has a finely stratified or laminated structure, and is composed of minerals essentially unaltered since deposition.Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that typically shows fine lamination. Finnmark, Norway. Width of sample 9 cm. Sometimes, however, these rocks are treated as one big family of related and extremely widespread rocks which are collectively referred to as shale, mudrock, or mudstone. These rocks are definitely the most common sedimentary ...Aug 11, 2023 · Shale in general is the most abundant of stratified rocks. One of the most popular forms of shale used for building roads is called Marcellus Shale. When this clay shale is nearly pure it is known ... Shale gas, as a promising alternative energy source, has received considerable attention because of its broad resource base and wide distribution. The establishment of shale models that can accurately …Shale rocks are those that are made of clay-sized particles and are have a laminated appearance. They are a type of sedimentary rock. Shale is the abundant rock found on Earth. They are usually found in areas where gentle waters have deposited sediments that become compacted together.How much do you know about shale gas? Keep reading to learn about the Pros and Cons of Shale Gas. Advertisement Under our toes, a wealth of gas exists that burns clean and could wean the U.S. off energy dependence. But getting to it is a bi...

Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms when silt and clay-size mineral particles are compacted, and it is easily broken into thin, parallel layers. Black shale contains organic material that can generate oil and natural gas, which is trapped within the rock's pores.. Difference between m ed and ma education

Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is formed when silt and clay are compressed. It is composed of many thin layers, and it readily splits into thin pieces where these layers meet—making it a relatively brittle stone. …7 abr 2021 ... Shales are layered sedimentary rocks, which can be almost impermeable for fluids and act as seals and cap-rock, or, if a shale layer hosts a ...Shale has a wide variety of talents allowing her to take the offensive, support, and tank roles. Quite unique character for the Dragon Age Origins game. ... Hurl Rock – this is a ranged AoE skill that knocks down enemies. However, it has friendly fire. Due to this, I recommend using it at the start of the fight when your party members are not ...This article is about shale, a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles. It explains how shale can be used as a resource for oil and natural gas, brick and tile making, cement production etc. The article also mentions the properties of shale such as … See moreDevon Energy considering U.S. shale M&A options with Marathon Oil, CrownRock. Kiel Porter, David Wethe and Mitchell Ferman, Bloomberg October 19, …The microscopic pore throat structure of shale reservoir rocks directly affects the reservoir seepage capacity. The occurrence and flow channels of shale gas are …19 feb 2013 ... Abstract. We construct a rock physics workflow to link the elastic properties of shales to complex constituents and specific microstructure ...Shale in the eastern United States is a rich source of uranium. A large band of this sedimentary rock in Central Europe contains metallic sulfides, and shale deposits in eastern Germany and Poland are mined for their …History Non-hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing as a method to stimulate shallow, hard rock oil wells dates back to the 1860s. Oil producers in Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky, and West Virginia used nitroglycerin (liquid at first, and later solid) to break up the oil-bearing formation. The method was later applied to water and natural gas wells. The idea of …Layered shale is a kind of rock with obvious anisotropy, which is significantly influenced by the inclination angle of the rock. In this study, the influence of bedding dip …The gas in the Marcellus Shale is a result of its contained organic content. Logic therefore suggests that rocks that contain higher amounts of organic material have a greater ability to generate natural gas. A map showing the net feet of organic-rich shale in the Marcellus Formation can be viewed on this page.Shale is a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock that typically exhibits a laminated structure.In cited literature, the rocks of Red Oak gas field would be considered overmature with an R o value of 3.0%. However, gas production has been prolific in this region. Source Rocks. The Woodford/Chattanooga Shale, deposited during the Middle Devonian to Lower Mississippian, is the primary source rock for pre to early Mississippian rocks.Rocks are rated on the on the Moh's Hardness Scale which rates the rocks on the scale from 1 to 10. Rocks with hardness 1-3 are soft rocks from 3-6 are medium hardness rocks and 6-10 are hard rocks. The hardness of Shale is 3 whereas its compressive strength is 95.00 N/mm 2. Streak is the color of rock when it is crushed or powdered.Shale gas is found in shale "plays," which are shale formations containing significant accumulations of natural gas and which share similar geologic and geographic properties. A decade of production has come from the Barnett Shale play in Texas. Experience and information gained from developing the Barnett Shale have improved the efficiency of ...Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers less than one centimeter in thickness..

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